The inheritance of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, virulence to wheat, triticum aestivum l. Madhusudhana, in breeding sorghum for diverse end uses, 2019. Identification of chromosomal regions responsible for greenbug resistance will facilitate both mapbased cloning and markerassisted breeding. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major insect pest of sorghum causing significant economic damage. Biotype screening of this pest is essential to develop pest management programs. Evaluation of natural enemies of greenbug, schizaphis. It damages wheat crop directly through feeding on phloem tissues as well as indirectly by serving as primary vector of cereal diseases, including yellow dwarf viruses chapin et al. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, damage symptoms on seashore paspalum turfgrass. Sorghum is a worldwide important cereal crop and widely cultivated for grain and forage production. The aphid schizaphis graminum is an important vector of the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease. Plant breeders have spent considerable effort developing aphidresistant, smallgrain varieties to limit insecticide control of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in the. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani edis university of.
Oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis graminum homoptera. Nov 20, 2019 molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpdcfba operon in buchnera aphidicola endosymbiont of the aphid schizaphis graminum. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years. Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the. Evaluation of different wheat varieties for resistance. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum. Insect and plantderived mirnas in greenbug schizaphis. Schizaphis graminum toxogr schizaphis hypersiphonata schphy.
The sex pheromone of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum. You can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the change items displayed button in the header. Molecular mapping of qtls for resistance to the greenbug. Resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum rondani in rain fed wheat genotype. This is your first entry to the taxa hierarchy display. Bydvsgv transmission efficiency correlates with host adaptation of the aphid schizaphis graminum gray et al. Our results indicate that the increase in groel approximately follows the increase in aphid. The greenbug, or wheat aphid schizaphis graminum, is an aphid in the superfamily. Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani, biotype e, in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Feeding behavior and development of biotypes e, g, and h of.
Information is given on the geographical distribution in europe, bosniaherzegovina, bulgaria. On plants, they are usually found feeding on the undersides of lower leaves fig. China 2 college of plant protection, henan agricultural university, zhengzhou. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani gb, and the yellow sugarcane aphid, sipha. The frequent use of insecticides poses severe threats to nontarget. It is a sapsucking aphid, which removes the phloem sap, and injects. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in the aphid schizaphis graminum skip to main content. There are about 40 recognized schizaphis species worldwide with seven known from north america blackman and eastop 2000. Characterization and genetic relationships among brazilian. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle, r.
Biotypes of aphids and many other insect pests are defined based on the phenotypic response of host plants to the insect pest without considering their intrinsic characteristics and genotypes. Schizaphis graminum strain sg taxonomy navigation buchnera aphidicola schizaphis graminum terminal leaf node. Feeding behavior and development of biotypes e, g, and h. Jia20171144 selection and evaluation of potential reference genes for gene expression analysis in greenbug schizaphis graminum rondanizhang baizhong 1, 2, liu junjie 1, yuan guohui 2, chen xiling 1, gao xiwu 3. Pdf wheat greenbug schizaphis graminum being the most important pest of wheat is responsible for viral. Aphididae attacks cereals, particularly wheat triticum spp. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle, reciprocally crossed, and inbred. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Gray1,2, marina c caillaud3, mary burrows1 and dawn m. Media in category schizaphis graminumthe following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total.
The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani is a major pest species of wheat crops. The mouth parts of schizaphis graminum rondani homoptera. The polymerase chain reaction pcr using primers designed on the busts of these rdna sequences, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully distinguishes all 4 aphelinus populations from each other and from the russian wheat aphid and another economically important cereal aphid, the greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani. Within populations of this species, several biotypes, which are clones that share same virulence relationships with cultivated plants, can be distinguished. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals. The greenbug schizaphis graminum, is a major pest of wheat worldwide. Biotypes e, g, and h of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, were monitored on susceptible wintermalt and resistant post barley to determine their feeding behavior, developmental time, and fecundity on these cultivars. Enemy removal experiments and enemy trap experiments were used for evaluating the natural enemies of greenbug, s. Levels of buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groel during. Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission. Pdf the greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. We studied the genetic architecture of virus transmission by crossing a vector and a non.
Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals cyclophilin. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major insect pest of sorghum causing. In this study, a transcriptome sequencing, and the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance were conducted in s. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, populations oversummering on noncultivated grass hosts. Mitochondrial dna sequence divergence among schizaphis. Issued also on microfiche from lange micrographics. To assess key genes associated with the detoxification or regulation of imidacloprid in greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, the transcriptome and digital gene expression dge profile were analyzed using illumina sequencing. Effects of elevated co2 twice ambient on the interspecific competition among three species of wheat aphids sitobion avenae, rhopalosiphum padi, and schizaphis graminum and on wheataphid interactions were studied. The impact of transgenic wheat expressing gna snowdrop. Resistance and susceptibility of some wheat cultivars and. However, few studies have attempted to identify the different defence responses induced in wheat by s. Note small chlorotic spits surrounded by water soaked spots on both leaves. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf is controlled by different loci in the aphid, schizaphis graminum stewart m.
Pdf oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis. Seedling bulk test revealed seven varieties pak81, millat08, fareed06, miraj. In this research, eight greenbug clones, collected on wheat in the cerealgrowing region of beja. Aphididae consist of 2 mandibular and 2 maxillary stylets. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpdcfba operon in buchnera aphidicola endosymbiont of the aphid schizaphis graminum. Insecticides act as toxins, inhibitors of digestion and deterrents, and affect the expression of many genes in insects. Therefore, to improve plant resistance to aphids is one of the topical. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major pest of wheat worldwide.
All experiments were laid out in completely randomized design and resistancesusceptibility of the varieties was categorized in the terms of differential damage rating of aphid to host plants. Skyline is an open source software program that can be downloaded from. Buchnera aphidicola is the prokaryotic, intracellular symbiont found in the aphid schizaphis graminum. The green bug, schizaphis graminum rondani, has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years. Aphididae, is a pest on wheat and sorghum sorghum bicolor, but its crop hosts also include barley, oats, and rye puterka and peters, 1990. We compared the feeding behavior and the lifetable parameters of aphids reared on gna transgenic wheat test group and those aphids reared on. Levels of buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groel during growth. The greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani is an aphid pest of small grains. Pdf resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum rondani. The resulting progeny were cloned via parthenogenetic reproduction, so their virulence to resistance genes gb2 amigo and gb3 largo could be established using. Inheritance of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani. Overall, post caused significantly greater frequencies of nonfeeding, probing, and salivation events for biotype e than for biotype h.
It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of gramineae grass family members its original distribution is the palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf is. Pdf induced resistance to the greenbug aphid schizaphis. Biological parameters of two syrphid fly species ischiodon. In contrast with the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae, s. Described by rondani, it was first placed in the genus aphis rondani 1852 and later moved to the genus toxoptera. Elevated co2 changes interspecific competition among three.
Aphididae, is an aphid pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, sorghum, sorghum bicolor, barley. Identification greenbugs are small, pale green aphids with a dark green line down the back and antennae as long as the body fig. Biometrical genetic analysis of luteovirus transmission in. This study investigated the impact of transgenic wheat expressing galanthus nivalis agglutinin gna, commonly known as snowdrop lectin, on three wheat aphids. Schizaphis graminum toxogroverview eppo global database. Reddish spots and necrotic tissue result after only four days of feeding. The greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani is one of the most important cereals pests in the world. Infestation of the phytotoxic aphid schizaphis graminum can rapidly induce leaf chlorosis in susceptible plants, but this effect is not observed with the nonphytotoxic aphid sitobion avenae.
Sexual forms of two genotypes of the aphid schizaphis graminum, one a vector, the other a nonvector of two viruses that cause barley yellow. Effect of solanum glycosides on the aphid schizaphis graminum. Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug. Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission in the aphid schizaphis graminum. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani homoptera. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of wheat. Wheat plants had higher biomass and yield and lower water and nitrogen content of grain when grown under elevated co2 than under ambient co2. More than 70 graminaceous plant species have been reported as hosts for the gb worldwide and. Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum hemiptera. Pdf biotype characterization and genetic diversity of. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were annotated to corresponding functions by blasting with. At least 70 other noncultivated grasses have also been reported as hosts for s. Read the sex pheromone of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum, entomologia experimentalis et applicata on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The greenbug, or wheat aphid schizaphis graminum, is an aphid in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera.
Pdf resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum. Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing. Its original distribution is the palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is the main pest of wheat that can.
Spectral counting peptide data from table 3 for cyclophilin a. Schizaphis graminum an overview sciencedirect topics. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals cyclophilin proteins are involved in the transmission of cereal yellow dwarf virus. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle. Percentage transmission progressively declined from 36% for the first instar to 2% for adults zhou and rochow. A new distribution map is provided for schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing three. It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of gramineae grass family members. Abstract greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera.
Wide differences were found in the ability of the five stages of schizaphis graminum to transmit bydv. Common name isynonym iother names i buchnera aphidicola str. General information about schizaphis graminum toxogr. Evidence of the biochemical basis of host virulence in the. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were.
Oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis graminum. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of. Media in category schizaphis graminum the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. A fact from schizaphis graminum appeared on wikipedia s main page in the did you know. Differential expression of genes in greenbug schizaphis. Smith2 1usda, ars 2department of plant pathology, cornell university, ithaca, ny 14853 3department of biological sciences, ithaca college, ithaca, ny 14850 abstract. Common solanum glycosides were tested against a nonsolanum pest, the greenbug, schizaphis graminum, fed by artificial diet supplemented with the tested compounds. Using an immunological approach, we have quantitated the amount of the b. Based on host plant response to infestation, several biotypes of this pest have been identified and their. Control methods for greenbugs have included natural enemies, crop.
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